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ASTM Standard UV Resistance Waterproofing Landfill textured Geomembrane HDPE Film for Environmental Protection
Tested Property | Test Method | Frequency | Minimum Average Value | |||||
Thickness, (minimum average) mm | ASTM D 5199 | every roll | 0.75 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
Density, g/cm3 | ASTM D 1505 | every 5th roll | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
Tensile Properties (each direction): | ||||||||
Strength at Break, N/mm-width | ASTM D 6693, Type IV | every 5th roll | 21 | 28 | 43 | 57 | 71 | 85 |
Strength at Yield, N/mm-width | 11 | 15 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 45 | ||
Elongation at Break, % | G.L. 51 mm (2.0 in) | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | |
Elongation at Yield, % | G.L. 33 mm (1.3 in) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
Tear Resistance, N (lb) | ASTM D 1004 | every 5th roll | 93 (21) | 125 (28) | 187 (42) | 249 (56) | 311 (70) | 373 (84) |
Puncture Resistance, N (lb) | ASTM D 4833 | every 5th roll | 263(59) | 352(79) | 530(119) | 703(158) | 881(198) | 1,059 (238) |
Carbon Black Content, % | ASTM D 1603 / D 4218 | every 5th roll | 2.0-3.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 2.0-3.0 |
Notched Constant Tensile Load, hrs | ASTM D 5397, Appendix |
90,000 kg | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
Oxidative Induction Time, minutes | ASTM D 3895, 200° C; O2, 1 atm |
90,000 kg | >100 | >100 | >100 | >100 | >100 | >100 |
TYPICAL ROLL DIMENSIONS | ||||||||
Roll Length, m | 280 | 210 | 140 | 105 | 85 | 70 | ||
Roll Width, m | 7.0/8.0 | 7.0/8.0 | 7.0/8.0 | 7.0/8.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
HDPE geomembrane are often selected for use in exposed applications such as landfills, reservoir caps, and pond and canal liners. This is due to low initial material costs and high chemical resistance. It is also available in thicker thicknesses not offered by other geomembrane types. HDPE geomembranes are extremely strong relative to their weight and can withstand high temperatures.
The first step in the production of HDPE geomembrane is the selection of raw materials. High-quality HDPE resin pellets are chosen as the primary raw material. These pellets are thoroughly inspected with state-of-the-art equipment to ensure their quality. High quality raw materials are key to producing a successful product as this will determine the consistency in thickness and tensile strength.
After the inspection of the raw materials is complete, the manufacturing process starts with the extrusion process. HDPE pellets are melted in a screw extruder to form a high-density polymer. The molten polymer is then extruded onto a flat surface in a continuous manner. This flat surface can be in the form of a calender machine or extrusion die depending on the manufacturing method selected.
A key aspect during the production process is to ensure that the HDPE geomembrane maintains its uniform thickness and density. This uniformity is critical to ensure that the geomembrane is robust enough to withstand environmental stresses such as extreme temperature fluctuations or UV radiation exposure.
After the continuous extrusion process is complete, the HDPE geomembrane goes through multiple quality control checks. Here, the thickness is measured, and any anomalies such as holes, punctures, or defects are detected, and the appropriate modifications are made to remove them. These quality control checks are crucial to ensure that the final product meets the specifications and industry standards.
What Other Materials Will Be Used Together In Landfill?
Landfill liners or geomembranes cannot work alone to contain hazardous waste. The geomembrane acts as a barrier between the waste and the surrounding environment, but it needs supporting materials to function correctly. Below are different materials that could complement the use of geomembranes in landfills.
1. Geotextiles
A geotextile is a permeable textile material made from polyester, polypropylene, or nylon. They are used to separate the soil from the geomembrane to prevent soil intrusion. Geotextiles also increase the friction angle between the soil and the liner, thus preventing slippage. They are also useful for filtering out soil particles that could clog the drainage system.
2. Geogrids
Geogrids are a type of geosynthetic material composed of high-density polyethylene and other synthetic polymers. They come in different types, including triangular, square, and rectangular grids. Geogrids provide tensile and shear reinforcement, making them ideal for reinforcing the soil under the geomembrane. They can also be used to support slopes in the landfill.
3. Drainage Net
Drainage nets or drainage composites are a combination of a geotextile and a drainage core. The drainage core is made up of high-density polyethylene sheets that have been bonded together to form a dimpled structure. They are used to promote drainage in the landfill by allowing water to flow through the core and into the drainage pipes. The geotextile layer then prevents soil particles from clogging the drainage core.
4. Geocomposites
Geocomposites are a combination of two or more geosynthetic materials bonded together to form a single product. They are used to perform multiple functions, including separation, filtration, drainage, and reinforcement. Geocomposites are useful in areas where installing separate geosynthetic materials is challenging.
5. Clay
Clay is an ideal material to use in combination with geomembranes in landfills. It provides an additional layer of protection to the geomembrane and can act as a natural barrier against pollutants. Clay liners can be installed at the base of the landfill to prevent leachate from penetrating the geomembrane. Clay can also be mixed with soil to provide additional stability.
6. Gravel
Gravel is used as a drainage layer in landfills. It is used to promote drainage and prevent the accumulation of water in the landfill. The drainage layer helps to prevent the development of anaerobic conditions that could lead to the production of methane gas.
7. Sand
Sand is used in combination with gravel to create a drainage layer that promotes the flow of water in landfills. It is also used to provide a stable surface for the installation of drainage pipes.
8. Bentonite
Bentonite is a natural clay material that swells when it comes into contact with water. It is commonly used to create a hydraulic barrier in landfills. The bentonite layer acts as an additional barrier against the migration of pollutants and contaminants. Bentonite can be mixed with soil to create an impermeable layer.
In conclusion, several materials can be used in combination with geomembranes to provide complete protection for landfills. The choice of materials depends on the specific requirements of each landfill project. Appropriate selection of supporting materials is essential to ensure that the landfill is safe and does not pose any risk to the environment and nearby communities.
HDPE Geomembrane welding machine
1. Hot wedge welder
2. Extrusion welder gun
3. Hot air welder gun
Tai'an City RuiHeng Building Materials Co., Ltd is specialized in the research, development, production and sales of geosynthetic materials, plastic products and plastic machinery. Our company is devoted to geosynthetic material research and development and application.
1.Textured or Smooth hdpe Geomembrane?
A textured product is either needed or is not. This apparent truism needs to be remembered in many cases in which a product is specified for a project which clearly does not qualify to be designated as textured yet is designated as such, creating a huge confusion about the uncertainty of the client's needs.
If the client does not clarify they require, it is hardly feasible to offer the right solution in conditions comparable to any concurrent company.
2.Is a hdpe Geomembrane with a wider roll better?
There is a technical limit for manufacturing geomembranes. In high density polyethylene (HDPE), this is 7.5 to 8m. Beyond this limit, either the raw material is not an HDPE and is instead a softer material which enables the extrusion-header system of the machine to complete the geomembrane transformation cycle, or the uniform thickness or thermal treatment parameters of the raw material have been seriously compromised. Within these limits and exceeding a minimum width, under which it would be unreasonable to present a product for the Safe Containment application, the roll width is the choice of the manufacturer, usually subject to the presentation format and transport cost optimisation.
There is hardly any difference between the cost of machines for given widths.
Within these limits, it is true that a wider roll relieves installation costs in large projects by a small percentage; however it is always at the expense of a higher cost of handling bulk unit weight of the roll or overruns in the finishing of curves or corners.
3.Differences between LLDPE and HDPE geomembrane?
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are raw materials which are similar in terms of composition, but very different in their behaviour, as has already been discussed in previous sections.
HDPE has become a global standard for Safe Containment applications precisely for its unique properties and marketing an LLDPE as an HDPE in these applications is tantamount to offering a substitute product without any benefit to the client. Differentiating them is very simple.